When can a dog begin hydrotherapy after TPLO surgery?

Hydrotherapy in an underwater treadmill is typically introduced at 10–14 days post-TPLO, once the incision is healed and the surgeon has confirmed adequate early bone healing. Water fill height is set to reduce body weight by 60–70% initially, with progressive increases as the patient builds strength. Full weight-bearing gait in the treadmill is the endpoint of the early rehabilitation phase.

What conditions benefit from canine rehabilitation therapy?

Post-surgical orthopaedic cases (TPLO, FHO, fracture repair), intervertebral disc disease and spinal surgery, neurological paresis, chronic osteoarthritis, obesity-related mobility impairment, and pre-surgical conditioning for elective procedures all benefit from structured canine rehabilitation programmes.

What is NMES and how is it used in canine rehabilitation?

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) delivers transcutaneous electrical impulses to motor nerves to produce muscle contraction in paretic or disused muscles. In canine rehabilitation it is used to prevent disuse atrophy during restricted weight-bearing, rebuild quadriceps mass after stifle surgery, and support gait retraining in patients with upper motor neurone signs.